Immunohistochemistry (ICH, ICC)

Anti-Pollution Matrix > Methods > Method list
> Immunohistochemistry (ICH, ICC)

Explanation

Investigation of tissues and cells using immunohistochemical methods, usually on sections of embedded tissue. Cellular markers that are induced or affected by pollution can be visualized in tissue sections. Such markers include, for example, AhR [1].

The aim is to stain specific cellular, or tissue structures using antibody-coupled dyes or reagents. In direct staining, the marker is directly coupled to the primary antibody. In indirect staining, the first step is an immunological reaction between an antigen and an added specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, which in a second step reacts with a marker-coupled secondary antibody against the primary antibody. Both, primary protein sequences as well as secondary and tertiary structures can be recognized and bound as epitopes by the corresponding antibody. Fluorophores (e.g. fluorescein, Texas red) as well as enzymes can be coupled to the antibody as markers and become detected either by specific detectors (fluorescence detector → immunofluorescence) or, in the case of enzymes, by the subsequent triggering of an enzyme-substrate reaction. In this case, a dye is released only where the antibody has been bound, thus indicating the protein. Well-known detection systems include Peroxidase anti Peroxidase technique (PAP), Alkaline Phosphatase anti-alkaline Phosphatase technique (APAAP), and Avidin-Biotin complex technique (ABC). For specific application using different detection systems, multiple proteins can be visualized in parallel and their interaction detected. [2-6]

 

Proof

• specific proteins in tissues and cells
• differentiation of cells and tissues
• cell or tissue damage

 

Suitability

• tissues, tissue sections, cells in cultures

 

Literature

[1] J. Krutmann, W. Liu, L. Li, X. Pan, M.Crawford, G. Sore, S. Seite, Pollution and skin: From epidemiological and mechanistic studies to clinical implications. Journal of Dermatological Science 76 (2014) 163–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.08.008
[2] Sabine Noll (Autor), Susanne Schaub-Kuhnen: Praxis der Immunhistochemie: 2000, ISBN: 3437455265
[3] Mulisch 2014, Verfahren der Immunlokalisation, Springer Spektrum Wiesbaden /
[4] Welsch und Deller 2010, Lehrbuch der Histologie, © Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag München /
[5] Lang 2006, Histotechnik, Springer-Verlag Wien
[6] Leandro Luongo de Matos, Damila Cristina Trufelli, Maria Graciela Luongo de Matos, and Maria Aparecida da Silva Pinhal: Immunohistochemistry as an Important Tool in Biomarkers Detection and clinical practice, Biomark Insights. 2010; 5: 9–20. PMCID: PMC2832341, PMID: 20212918, DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s2185